The first Indo-Pakistan War, known as the First Kashmir War (October 22, 1947-January 5, 1949), took place shortly after the independence of India and Pakistan. A ceasefire agreement has led to the establishment of the Line of Control (LOC) as the de facto border between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. In accordance with Tashkent`s statement, ministerial talks were held on 1 and 2 March 1966. Despite the fact that these talks were unproductive, diplomatic exchanges continued in the spring and summer. The results of these discussions were not obtained due to differences of opinion on the Kashmir issue. The news of Tashkent`s statement shocked the people of Pakistan, who expected India to make more concessions than they got. Things got even worse when Ayub Khan refused to speak and went to solitary confinement instead of announcing the reasons for signing the agreement. Protests and riots took place at various locations in Pakistan. [3] To dispel the anger and concerns of the people, Ayub Khan decided to take the matter before the people on 14 January 1966. This is the difference with Tashkent`s statement that eventually led to the impeachment of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from the Ayub government, which later founded his own party, the Pakistan People`s Party. Although Ayub Khan was able to satisfy the concerns of the people, Tashkent`s declaration significantly tarnished his image and was one of the factors that led to his downfall. [8] VI The Indian Prime Minister and the President of Pakistan agreed to consider measures to restore economic and trade relations, communication and cultural exchanges between India and Pakistan and to take steps to implement existing agreements between India and Pakistan. Discussions began on 3 January 1966 in Tashkent with Kosygin, who met Shastri and Ayub, first separately before subsequent summits.
Previously, shortly after the ceasefire, the Security Council adopted a resolution calling for the withdrawal of all armed personnel from their pre-August 5, 1965 posts. Mr Kosygin stressed during the implementation of this resolution, to which the USSR was a member with other powers. When the Indian Prime Minister, Mr. Kosygin, stated that India would not abandon the Haji Pir Pass under any circumstances, as it is of great strategic importance and would be won “after a heavy victim of our courageous military personnel”, Kosygin replied that Pakistan would not withdraw from Chhamb and other Indian territories occupied by Pakistan if India did not withdraw from Haji Pir (and Tithwal) and there would be no agreement. Like Ayub Khan, who insisted on putting Kashmir on the agenda and refused to evacuate Chhamb, the Soviet Prime Minister said that the failure of the talks would not only lead to Pakistan`s loss of prestige in the world, but also to the resumption of war that his country could not afford. The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan, signed on 10 January 1966, which resolved the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war. Peace was achieved on 23 September by the intervention of the external powers that pushed the two nations to the truce, lest the conflict intensify and attract other powers. [1] [2] But the miracle was done. At lunchtime on 10 January, with the resolute efforts of Kosygin, supported by his dynamic Foreign Minister Andrej Gromyko, Lal Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan, despite the strong reservations of his Foreign Minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, signed the historic declaration that brought peace to the subcontinent, albeit temporarily. But this was the story of Indo-Pakistani relations.