Landgericht Dortmund is the first German court to quantify an action for damages by assessing the amount of damages on the basis of Article 287 of the Code of Civil Procedure, p. 287. Unlike previous cases, the court has quantified the amount of damages without consulting the time and (…) Where possible, the ACCC will subject serious cartel conduct to criminal prosecution. The ACCC is cooperating closely with the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) in an investigation into abuses of dominance. The best known example is the Medellin cartel, led by Pablo Escobar in the 1980s until his death in 1993. The cartel is known to have smuggled large quantities of cocaine into the United States and was known for its violent methods. Before World War II, cartel members could sign contracts that could be implemented in court, except in the United States. Prior to 1945, cartels were tolerated in Europe and promoted specifically as business practices in the German-speaking region. [22] In U.S. v. National Lead Co. et al., the U.S.
Supreme Court noted statements by individuals who cited that a cartel, in its multi-purpose form, agreed between two or more competing companies on the cost of their products or services, thereby standardizing prices for customers. It could be, for example. B, uniform price increases agreements, uniform rebates or an agreement that prevents parties from offering discounts. Price agreements can be seen as follows: on 23 September 2020, a former director of one of the Nordic shrimp cartels was personally held liable by the Dutch district court of Noord-Nederland for damages of more than 13 million euros. According to the court, the Director`s personal participation in the cartel was considered (…) Agreements and abuse of dominant position: the Commission sends a statement of grievances to Conserve Italia for participation in the agreement on canned vegetables – The European Commission has appointed Conserve Italia Soc. Co-op knows. Agricola and its subsidiary Conserves France SA (jointly called conserve Italia) of their (…) Cartels deprive consumers and other businesses of a fair deal. An agreement is the case where two or more companies agree not to compete. This behaviour can take many forms, including pricing, market distribution, bid manipulation or limiting the production of goods and services. Drug trafficking organizations, particularly in South America, are often referred to as “drug cartels.” These organizations meet the technical definition of agreements.